Understanding Valve Positioners

valve positioner
Valve positioner on
linear control valve
(Siemens SIPART)
Industrial valves allow the flow of a process fluid through a pipe. Valves always include some type of actuation (opening/closing) device - from simple manual levers to sophisticated electric or pneumatic actuation packages. Industrial valves can act as on/off or proportioning devices to allow full flow, no flow, or modulated flow. When valves are used for modulating fluid flow, an instrument called a valve positioner is installed.

A valve positioner is used in tandem with a valve actuator, the power source to open or close the valve. Positioners precisely direct the actuator to move the valve so that a desired flow volume is achieved and maintained. The positioner does this by monitoring the process condition, comparing it to a desired set point, and then pneumatically, electrically, or hydraulically manipulating the valve orifice until the difference between the set point and actual process variable is zero.

In closed loop control systems where the final control element are valves, valve positioners are the "brains" that provide the corrective signal to eliminate process offset. Positioners enable tighter control by overcoming the realities of valve wear, imprecise calibration, and a host of other process variable challenges.

Valve positioners are used throughout the process industries including power, pharmaceutical, chemicals, oil and gas, food and beverage, pulp and paper, refining and petrochemicals, pipelines, and many other processes.

Basic Function

positioner diagram
Diagram of typical flow control loop using valve positioner.
A valve positioner receives a signal from a controller. The controller could be part of a distributed control system (DCS), a programmable logic controller (PLC), or a discreet PID controller. The controller interprets a signal from some type of sensor, such as a flow transmitter, temperature transmitter, pressure transmitter, or other, and compares the transmitter reading to a desired setpoint. If the controller sees an offset (error), a corrective signal based on the difference, is sent to the valve positioner. The positioner then repositions the valve actuator that in turn readjusts the position of the valve, thereby changing the process condition, brining the system to to equilibrium.

Types of valve positioners:


Pneumatic Positioners

Pneumatic positioners receive pneumatic signals (3-15 or 6-30 PSIG) and proportion the supply air pressure to the valve actuator accordingly to move the valve to the required position. Pneumatic positioners are intrinsically safe and have the ability to provide a large amount of force to open or close a valve.

Electro-Pneumatic Positioners

Electro-pneumatic valve positioners are very similar to pneumatic postioners, except that they contain internal current-to-pneumatic converter (I/P). The current-to-pneumatic module receives a varying electrical signal (most commonly 4-20 mA) and converts that signal (proportionately) to a pneumatic output signal (3-15 PSIG or 6-30 PSIG). The pneumatic signal then then proportions the supply air pressure to the valve actuator.

Electric Positioners

Electric valve positioners receive an electric signal, usually 4-20 mA, 1-5 VDC, 2-10 VCD or 0-10 VDC and generally drive the motors in electric actuators. They perform the same function as pneumatic positioners do, but use electricity instead of air pressure as an input signal.

For more information on valve positioners, or any valve automation requirement, contact Ives Equipment by visiting https://ivesequipment.com or calling 877-768-1600.

Tutorial: How to Use the Push Buttons on the SIEMENS SITRANS P Family of Transmitters

The SIEMENS SITRANS P stands above the competition when it comes to easy operation. This video provides an outstanding tutorial on how the SITRANS P push buttons and display are used.

SITRANS P offer a complete family of devices that include digital pressure transmitters for measuring gauge pressure, absolute pressure, differential pressure, flow and level.

https://ivesequipment.com
(877) 768-1600

Excellent Reference for Engineers: Table of Gases

Table of Gases
Handy Table of Gases courtesy of Control Instruments
Our friends at Control Instruments Corporation have put together an excellent Table of Gases web page that includes chemical formula, chemical properties, and what type of detection detection technology (Catalytic, Flame Temperature Analyzer, Flame Ionization Detector, British Thermal Unit) is applicable. We find is a handy reference when researching properties of gases.

The table can be found here:  http://www.controlinstruments.com/table-of-gases

Control Instrument Corporation manufacturers gas detection instruments for safety and environmental protection. Control Instruments products are installed and used under the most demanding conditions, from oil pipelines in the Arctic to drilling wells in the desert.

For more information on Control Instruments products, contact Ives Equipment by visiting https://ivesequipment.com, or by calling (877) 768-1600.

Happy 4th of July from Ives Equipment

"One flag, one land, one heart, one hand, One Nation evermore!" 

Oliver Wendell Holmes


What Are Rack and Pinion Actuators?

Internal view of rack and pinion actuator
Operation rack and pinion actuator.
Rack and pinion actuators convert linear movement of a driving mechanism to provide a rotational movement designed to open and close quarter-turn valves such as ball, butterfly, or plug valves and also for operating industrial or commercial dampers.

There are three primary kinds of valve actuators are commonly used: pneumatic, hydraulic, and electric.

Pneumatic actuators can be further categorized as scotch yoke design, vane design, and the subject of this post - rack and pinion actuators.

How Rack and Pion Actuators Operate

Image courtesy of Wikipedia
The rotational movement of a rack and pinion actuator is accomplished via linear motion and two gears. A circular gear, known as a “pinion” engages the teeth of one or two linear gears, referred to as the “rack”.

Pneumatic actuators use pistons that are attached to the rack. As air or spring power is applied the to pistons, the rack changes position. This linear movement is transferred to the rotary pinion gear (in both directions) providing bi-directional rotation to open and close the connected valve.

Rack and pinion actuators pistons can be pressurized with air, gas, or oil to provide the linear the movement that drives the pinion gear. To rotate the pinion gear in the opposite direction, the air, gas, or oil must be redirected to the other side of the pistons, or use coil springs as the energy source for rotation. Rack and pinion actuators using springs are referred to as "spring-return actuators". Actuators that rely on opposite side pressurization of the rack are referred to as "direct acting".

Internal view of rack and pinion actuator
Internal view of rack and pinion actuator
Most actuators are designed for 100-degree travel with clockwise and counterclockwise travel adjustment for open and closed positions. World standard ISO mounting pad are commonly available to provide ease and flexibility in direct valve installation.

NAMUR mounting dimensions on actuator pneumatic port connections and on actuator accessory holes and drive shaft are also common design features to make adding pilot valves and accessories more convenient.

Rack and pinion actuator with valve
Rack and pinion
actuator with valve.
(Flowserve Worcester
Pneumatic pneumatic rack and pinion actuators are compact and effective. They are reliable, durable and provide good service life. There are many brands of rack and pinion actuators on the market, all with subtle differences in piston seals, shaft seals, spring design and body designs. Some variants are specially designed for very specific operational environments or circumstances.

Share your process valve control and automation challenges with application experts, and combine your process experience and knowledge with their product application expertise to develop effective solutions.

Macnaught Now Offers Explosion Proof/Flame Proof (Ex D) Sensors for Hazardous Areas on MX-Series

Macnaught MX Series
Macnaught MX Series
Macnaught’s Positive Displacement Flow Meters are suitable for a wide range of industrial applications including fuel and oil distribution, corrosive chemical, solvent measurement and high pressure applications to name a few.

Macnaught is proud to now extend its range of pulse output options to include Ex D flame proof approved sensors for hazardous areas.

Download the MX-Series Explosion Proof/Flame Proof (Ex D) Sensors for Hazardous Areas cut sheet here, or review the embedded document below. For more information on Macnaught flowmeters, contact Ives Equipment by visiting https://ivesequipment.com or call (877) 768-1600.

Alfa Laval UltraPure Pumps: LKH UltraPure, LKH Prime UltraPure, SolidC UltraPure, SX UltraPure

Alfa Laval UltraPure PumpAlfa Laval UltraPure pumps are specifically designed for the toughest, most demanding pharmaceutical applications. Their design pays a high level of attention to hygiene and repeatability to reduce the risk of contamination and delivers maximum energy efficiency, a reduced C02 footprint, higher yields and increased uptime.

LKH UltraPure

Designed to meet the specific demands of the biotech and pharmaceutical industries, LKH UltraPure centrifugal pumps deliver maximum uptime and high efficiency plus the benefits of easy cleanability.

LKH Prime UltraPure

The LKH Prime UltraPure is an efficient, versatile self-priming pump designed for Cleaning-in-Place duties containing entrained air with the ability to also pump product in pharmaceutical industry.

SolidC UltraPure

The special features of SolidC UltraPure centrifugal pumps include an external shaft seal and spring, a defined-compression O-ring on the back plate and crevice-free design.

SX UltraPure

Alfa Laval’s premium rotary lobe pump designed for gentle transportation of process fluids in high purity applications in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.

https://iveequipment.com
(877) 768-1600